Alfred Adler was born in Vienna in 1870 of a middle-class family and died in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1837 while on a lecture tour. HE received a medical degree in 1895 from the University of Vienna. At first he specialized in opthalmology and then, after a period of practice in general medicine, he became a psychiatrist. HE was one of the character members of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and later its president. However, Adler soon began to develop ideas that were at variance with those of Freud and others in the Vienna Society, and when these differences became acute, he was asked to present his views to the society. this he did in 1911. As a consequence of the vehement criticism and denunciation of Adler's position by other members of the society, Adler resigned as president and a few months later terminated his connection with Freudian psychoanalysis (H.L & R.R. Ansbacher, 1956, 1964; Colby, 1951;Jones,1955)
He then formed his own group, which came to be known as Individual Psychology and attracted followers throughout the world.
Adler's personal history provides a clear example of the striving to overcome inferiority, which became the central theme in his theory. As a boy, he was weak, clumsy, unattractive, and initially a poor student. He was run over by carriages on several occasions, and he developed rickets and pneumonia. The latter disease led a physician to tell Adler's father " your boy is lost", an event to which Adler traced his decision to become a physician(orgler,1963p.16) Adler recognized that his own success in compensating for these deficiencies served as a model for his theory of personality(bottome,1939,p.9)
Adler assumed that humans are motivated primarily by social urges. Humans are accdng/ to Adler, inherently social beings. they relate themselves to other people engage in cooperative social activities, place social welfare above selfish interest, and acquire a style of life that is predominantly social in orientation. Adler did not say that humans become socialized merely by being exposed to social processes. Social interest is inborn, but the specific types of relationships with people and social institutions that develop are determined by the nature of the society into which a person is born. Freud and Adler assume that a person has an inherent nature that shapes his/her personality. Freud emphasized sex , Adler stressed social interest. this emphasis upon the social determinants of behavior that had been overlooked or minimized by Freud is probably Adler's greatest contribution to psychological theory. it turned the attention of psychologists to the importance of social variables and helped to develop the field of social psychology at a time when social psychology needed encouragement and support.
FUNCTION OF THE THERAPY
Adlerian therapists often function as educators who attempt to build on strengths the client already demonstrates.Encouragement is critical as the therapist work to establish and maintain an accepting, caring, cooperative relationship with the client. The work of therapy is viewed as collaborative, where the client and the counselors are partners, working toward mutually agreed-upon and clearly identified goals. in short, the Adlerian counselor's energy is invested not in analysis but in encouragement.
GOALS OF THERAPY
Adlerian therpy seeks to decrease a sense of inferiority in clients and help them encase their social interest. By helping people to contribute, by altering faulty motivations that underlie even acceptable behavior, by encouraging equality, Adlerians seek to change the life styles, the perceptions, and the goals of their clients.
MAJOR METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
The most common therapeutic techniques of Adlerian therapy include investigating the client's life style(basic orientation toward life.) This is done systematically by exploring "3 entrance gates to mental life".1st of these is birth order,which examines one's position within the family and the expectations and roles that typically result from it. the 2nd is early recollections, which encapsulate one's present philosophy of life. and the 3rd is dreams, which in Adler's view, serve to rehearse how one might deal with problems in the future.
APPLYING ADLER TO SCHOOL COUNSELING AND EDUCATION
1. School counselors need to help children develop a positive lifestyle and social interest.
2. The goal is establishing a positive self-esteem.
3. Children can learn advanced social skills when given the opportunity to belong to a group.
a. Collaboration between students and counselors, students and educators, and students is extremely important for valuing cooperationand not competition.
-Misbehavior in the classroom is usu. the stem for counseling assistance. knowing what the motivation behind self-defeating behaviors is can help counselors an educators better handle these situations.
1. Attention getting
2. Power
3. Revenge
4. Compensation for inadequacy experienced by the student.
- Misbehavior is the student's choice to fulfill a need.
- School counselors and teachers should help modify the child's motivation rather than focusing on changing the child's behavior.
ALAJAS, RACHELLE V.
PLATA, CAMILLE
MONDELO, KATRINA
REGACHO, SHAILA
OBUSAN, LOVE LEE
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